fig3

From: Electronic skins with multimodal sensing and perception

Figure 3. Multimodal sensing systems with self-decoupling mechanisms. (A) Ionic conductor-based multimodal receptors that can intrinsically differentiate strain and temperature. Reproduced with permission^[53]. Copyright©2020, Nature Publishing Group; (B) Artificial skins can decouple the normal or shear force direction with embedded Hall sensors. Reproduced with permission^[68]. Copyright©2021, American Association for the Advancement of Science; (C) A skin-inspired multimodal sensing system and its decoupling mechanism for bimodal signals in a single unit with triboelectric and pyroelectric effects^[69]; (D) A chromotropic ionic skin can differentiate the temperature, pressure, and strain by integrating multiple sensing mechanisms. Reproduced with permission^[70]. Copyright©2022, Wiley-VCH. e-skin: Electronic skin; PCB: printed circuit board; PDMS: polydimethylsiloxane.