fig8

Figure 8. (A) 3D mechanical framework with five independently addressable piezoelectric microactuators. (Reproduced with permission from Ref.^[217]. Copyright^© 2018. American Association for the Advancement of Science); (B) photo-driven biomimetic flower capable of underwater movement. (Reproduced with permission from Ref.^[218]. Copyright^© 2021. Elsevier); (C) directional locomotion of submillimeter-scale 3D peekytoe crab. (Reproduced with permission from Ref.^[219]. Copyright^© 2022. American Association for the Advancement of Science); (D) a multistate electrical circuit made of magnetic responsive soft material switch. (Reproduced with permission from Ref.^[220]. Copyright^© 2020. Springer Nature); (E) 3D printed soft robotic walkers composed of 16 interconnected pneumatic actuators. (Reproduced with permission from Ref.^[212]. Copyright^© 2019. Springer Nature); (F) micro-origami system capable of wing flapping under current stimulation. (Reproduced with permission from Ref.^[221]. Copyright^© 2020. WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim); (G) magnetic responsive 3D origami machines with various shapes and movements. (Reproduced with permission from Ref.^[222]. Copyright^© 2022. Springer Nature)