fig6

Figure 6. Electric actuation of LCEs. (A) Local actuation realized by integrated conductive wires. Scale bar, 5 mm. Reproduced with permission^[42]. Copyright 2018, WILEY-VCH; (B) a typical chemical structure of ferroelectric LCEs and the electroclinic effect that induces the actuation. Reproduced with permission^[121]. Copyright 2021, American Chemical Society; (C) schematic illustration of the core–shell 3D printing of LCE fibers composed of a liquid metal (LM) core surrounded by a LCE shell, and optical images of the electric actuation. Scale bar, 5 mm. Reproduced with permission^[123]. Copyright 2021, Wiley-VCH; (D) LCE composites with LM droplets embedded in the LCE matrix and their mechanical responses. The bottom photographs demonstrate that the LCE/LM composites can be used as touch sensors. The LED turns on when the sensing composite responds to touch. Scale bars, 1 mm at the top panel and 1 cm at the bottom. Reproduced with permission^[125]. Copyright 2019, National Academy of Sciences.