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150. Wang S, Chen Z. Modeling of two-dimensionally maneuverable jellyfish-inspired robot enabled by multiple soft actuators. IEEE/ASME Trans Mechatron 2022;27:1998-2006.

151. Sun Q, Han J, Li H, et al. A miniature robotic turtle with target tracking and wireless charging systems based on IPMCs. IEEE Access 2020;8:187156-64.

152. Nguyen KT, Ko SY, Park J, Park S. Terrestrial walking robot with 2DoF ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC) legs. IEEE/ASME Trans Mechatron 2015;20:2962-72.

153. Li J, Tian A, Sun Y, Feng B, Wang H, Zhang X. The development of a venus flytrap inspired soft robot driven by IPMC. J Bionic Eng 2023;20:406-15.

154. Guo DJ, Liu R, Cheng Y, et al. Reverse adhesion of a gecko-inspired synthetic adhesive switched by an ion-exchange polymer-metal composite actuator. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015;7:5480-7.

155. Ishiki A, Nabae H, Kodaira A, Suzumori K. PF-IPMC: paper/fabric assisted IPMC actuators for 3D crafts. IEEE Robot Autom Lett 2020;5:4035-41.

156. Ford S, Macias G, Lumia R. Single active finger IPMC microgripper. Smart Mater Struct 2015;24:025015.

157. Jain R, Datta S, Majumder S. Design and control of an IPMC artificial muscle finger for micro gripper using EMG signal. Mechatronics 2013;23:381-94.

158. Jain RK, Datta S, Majumder S. Biomimetic behavior of IPMC using EMG signal for micro robot. Mech Based Des Struct 2014;42:398-417.

159. Gonzalez C, Lumia R. An IPMC microgripper with integrated actuator and sensing for constant finger-tip displacement. Smart Mater Struct 2015;24:055011.

160. Cheong HR, Teo CY, Leow PL, Lai KC, Chee PS. Wireless-powered electroactive soft microgripper. Smart Mater Struct 2018;27:055014.

161. Jain RK, Khan A, Inamuddin, Asiri AM. Design and development of non-perfluorinated ionic polymer metal composite-based flexible link manipulator for robotics assembly. Polym Compos 2019;40:2582-93.

162. Jain RK, Datta S, Majumder S, Dutta A. Two IPMC fingers based micro gripper for handling. Int J Adv Robot Syst 2011;8:13.

163. Abbas Kashmery H. Polyvinylidene fluoride/sulfonated graphene oxide blend membrane coated with polypyrrole/platinum electrode for ionic polymer metal composite actuator applications. Sci Rep 2019;9:9877.

164. Yang D, Kong X, Ni Y, et al. Ionic polymer-metal composites actuator driven by the pulse current signal of triboelectric nanogenerator. Nano Energy 2019;66:104139.

165. Chattaraj R, Khan S, Bhattacharya S, Bepari B, Chatterjee D, Bhaumik S. Development of two jaw compliant gripper based on hyper-redundant approximation of IPMC actuators. Sensor Actuat A Phys 2016;251:207-18.

166. Feng G, Chen R. Fabrication and characterization of arbitrary shaped μIPMC transducers for accurately controlled biomedical applications. Sensor Actuat A Phys 2008;143:34-40.

167. Aw K, Fu L, Mcdaid A. An IPMC actuated robotic surgery end effector with force sensing. Int J Smart Nano Mat 2013;4:246-56.

168. Mcdaid A, Xie S, Aw K. A compliant surgical robotic instrument with integrated IPMC sensing and actuation. Int J Smart Nano Mat 2012;3:188-203.

169. Ruiz S, Mead B, Palmre V, Kim KJ, Yim W. A cylindrical ionic polymer-metal composite-based robotic catheter platform: modeling, design and control. Smart Mater Struct 2015;24:015007.

170. He Q, Huo K, Xu X, Yue Y, Yin G, Yu M. The square rod-shaped ionic polymer-metal composite and its application in interventional surgical guide device. Int J Smart Nano Mat 2020;11:159-72.

171. Wang Y, Liu J, Zhu D, Chen H. Active tube-shaped actuator with embedded square rod-shaped ionic polymer-metal composites for robotic-assisted manipulation. Appl Bionics Biomech 2018;2018:4031705.

172. Yoon WJ, Reinhall PG, Seibel EJ. Analysis of electro-active polymer bending: A component in a low cost ultrathin scanning endoscope. Sensor Actuat A Phys 2007;133:506-17.

173. Feng GH, Tsai JW. Micromachined optical fiber enclosed 4-electrode IPMC actuator with multidirectional control ability for biomedical application. Biomed Microdevices 2011;13:169-77.

174. Nam DNC, Ahn KK. Design of an IPMC diaphragm for micropump application. Sensor Actuat A Phys 2012;187:174-82.

175. Nguyen TT, Goo NS, Nguyen VK, Yoo Y, Park S. Design, fabrication, and experimental characterization of a flap valve IPMC micropump with a flexibly supported diaphragm. Sensor Actuat A Phys 2008;141:640-8.

176. Santos J, Lopes B, Branco PC. Ionic polymer-metal composite material as a diaphragm for micropump devices. Sensor Actuat A Phys 2010;161:225-33.

177. Wang J, Mcdaid AJ, Lu CZ, Aw KC. A compact ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC) actuated valveless pump for drug delivery. IEEE/ASME Trans Mechatron 2017;22:196-205.

178. Wang Y, Zhao C, Wang J, et al. Design and fabrication of an IPMC actuated micro-pump with inner petal-shaped diaphragm. In 3rd International Conference on Advanced Robotics and Mechatronics (ICARM) 2018. pp. 667-72. Available from: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8610829 [Last accessed on 16 March 2022].

179. Sideris EA, de Lange HC, Hunt A. An ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC)-driven linear peristaltic microfluidic pump. IEEE Robot Autom Lett 2020;5:6788-95.

180. Cheong HR, Nguyen NT, Khaw MK, Teoh BY, Chee PS. Wirelessly activated device with an integrated ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC) cantilever valve for targeted drug delivery. Lab Chip 2018;18:3207-15.

181. Horiuchi T, Mihashi T, Fujikado T, Oshika T, Asaka K. Voltage-controlled accommodating IOL system using an ion polymer metal composite actuator. Opt Express 2016;24:23280-8.

182. Feng G, Hou S. Investigation of tactile bump array actuated with ionic polymer-metal composite cantilever beams for refreshable braille display application. Sensor Actuat A Phys 2018;275:137-47.

183. Lee JH, Chee PS, Lim EH, Tan CH. Artificial intelligence-assisted throat sensor using ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC) material. Polymers 2021;13:3041.

184. Chattaraj R, Bhaumik S, Khan S, Chatterjee D. Soft wearable ionic polymer sensors for palpatory pulse-rate extraction. Sensor Actuat A Phys 2018;270:65-71.

185. Annabestani M, Esmaeili-dokht P, Nejad SK, Fardmanesh M. NAFAS: non-rigid air flow active sensor, a cost-effective, wearable, and ubiquitous respiratory bio-sensor. IEEE Sensors J 2021;21:9530-7.

186. Ming Y, Yang Y, Fu RP, et al. IPMC sensor integrated smart glove for pulse diagnosis, braille recognition, and human-computer interaction. Adv Mater Technol 2018;3:1800257.

187. Bonomo C, Brunetto P, Fortuna L, Giannone P, Graziani S, Strazzeri S. A tactile sensor for biomedical applications based on IPMCs. IEEE Sensors J 2008;8:1486-93.

188. Brunetto P, Fortuna L, Giannone P, Graziani S, Pagano F. A resonant vibrating tactile probe for biomedical applications based on IPMC. IEEE Trans Instrum Meas 2010;59:1453-62.

189. Sharif MA, Tan X. A pressure difference sensor inspired by fish canal lateral line. Bioinspir Biomim 2019;14:055003.

190. Jiang Y, Gong Z, Yang Z, et al. Underwater source localization using an artificial lateral line system with pressure and flow velocity sensor fusion. IEEE/ASME Trans Mechatron 2022;27:245-55.

191. Shen Q, Wang T, Kim KJ. A biomimetic underwater vehicle actuated by waves with ionic polymer-metal composite soft sensors. Bioinspir Biomim 2015;10:055007.

192. Pasquale GD, Graziani S, Pollicino A, Strazzeri S. A vortex-shedding flowmeter based on IPMCs. Smart Mater Struct 2016;25:015011.

193. Cha Y, Verotti M, Walcott H, Peterson SD, Porfiri M. Energy harvesting from the tail beating of a carangiform swimmer using ionic polymer-metal composites. Bioinspir Biomim 2013;8:036003.

194. Cellini F, Pounds J, Peterson SD, Porfiri M. Underwater energy harvesting from a turbine hosting ionic polymer metal composites. Smart Mater Struct 2014;23:085023.

195. Patel SN, Mukherjee S. Manufacturing, characterization and experimental investigation of the IPMC shoe energy harvester. J Braz Soc Mech Sci Eng 2022:44.

196. Vinh ND, Kim H. Ocean-based electricity generating system utilizing the electrochemical conversion of wave energy by ionic polymer-metal composites. Electrochem Commun 2017;75:64-8.

197. Duy V, Kim H. A study of the movement, structural stability, and electrical performance for harvesting ocean kinetic energy based on IPMC material. Processes 2020;8:641.

Soft Science
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