fig12

Figure 12. Applications of IPMC as sensors. (A) Monitoring human respiration by attaching an IPMC bending sensor to the larynx. (B) Recognizing the micro-expression changes of the face using an IPMC bending sensor. (C) A smart glove based on the IPMC bending sensors. Reproduced with permission from Ref.^[186]. Copyright^© 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. (D) Control the robot hand through remote human-computer interaction. Reproduced with permission from Ref.^[186]. Copyright^© 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. (E) An artificial lateral line system integrated with IPMC pressure sensors and flow velocity sensors. Reproduced with permission from Ref.^[190]. Copyright^© 2022, IEEE (F) A biomimetic underwater vehicle with IPMC bending sensors. Reproduced with permission from Ref.^[191]. Copyright^© 2015 IOP Publishing Ltd. (G) an ocean-based electricity generating system. Reproduced with permission from Ref.^[196]. Copyright^© 2017 Elsevier B.V.