fig11

Figure 11. Applications of IPMC actuators. (A) A robotic fish with multiple symmetrical IPMC pectoral fins. Reproduced with permission from Ref.^[148]. Copyright^© 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd. (B) Smooth movement like manta. Reproduced with permission from Ref.^[148]. Copyright^© 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd. (C) A robotic tortoise with 5 IPMC actuators. (D) An actuator with adhesion function inspired by gecko. Reproduced with permission from Ref.^[154]. Copyright^© 2015 American Chemical Society. (E) Double active finger gripper. Reproduced with permission from Ref.^[161]. Copyright^© 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers. (F) Rod-shaped IPMC actuators embedded in the soft silicone tube. (G) Schematic diagram of a typical IPMC micropump. Reproduced with permission from Ref.^[174]. Copyright^© 2012 Elsevier B.V. (H) Micropump with an inner petal-shaped IPMC as an actuating diaphragm. (I) A wirelessly activated device with an integrated IPMC cantilever valve for targeted drug delivery. Reproduced with permission from Ref.^[180]. Copyright^© 2018 The Royal Society of Chemistry. (J) An innovative digitally controllable tactile bump array. Reproduced with permission from Ref.^[182]. Copyright^© 2018 Elsevier B.V.