fig10

Figure 10. Optimization of IPMC sensor. (A) Preparation process of Nafion membrane with hierarchical structure. (B) The mechanism of enhancing the bending sensing voltage of IPMC through magnetoelectricity. Reproduced with permission from Ref.^[144]. Copyright^© 2021 IOP Publishing Ltd. (C) An IPMC sensor with tailored 3D-structured polymer-metal interfaces. Reproduced with permission from Ref.^[79]. Copyright^© 2019 AIP Publishing. (D) Amplifying the deformation by placing a soft substrate under the IPMC pressure sensor. Reproduced with permission from Ref.^[136]. Copyright^© 2022 IOP Publishing Ltd.