fig5

Figure 5. P-HMIs for acoustic therapeutics. (A) Schematic diagram of Sm-PUEH device for deep brain stimulation and analgesia. (B) Structural diagram of Sm-PUEH. Reproduced with permission from ref.^[82]. Copyright 2022, American Association for the Advancement of Science. (C) Schematic diagram showing working model of F-URSP, in which a focused ultrasound probe was used for selective excitation of the piezo-array and the output voltage magnitude of each element in the array under the excitation of a single focused probe. Reproduced with permission from ref.^[83]. Copyright 2022, Springer Nature. (D) Diagram of StimDust system implanted in a rat to stimulate its sciatic nerve. Scale bar of 1 mm. (E) Block diagram overview of neuro-stimulating system. Reproduced with permission from ref.^[84]. Copyright 2020, Springer Nature Limited. (F) Highly sensitive frequency response of PMAS for full-cover phonetic spectrum using an ultrathin polymer, a piezoelectric membrane and a multichannel electrode. (G) Multiresonant displacements of ultrathin PMAS membrane measured by an LDV under frequency sweep from 100 Hz to 4 kHz. (H) Smartphone biometric authentication using machine learning-enhanced acoustic module integrated with mini PMAS, machine learning processor and wireless transmitter. Reproduced with permission from ref.^[85]. Copyright 2021, American Association for the Advancement of Science.