fig11

Figure 11. Wearable electrical stimulators for wound healing. (A) Biomechanical energy harvesting of NG by rat breathing using bandage wrapped around rat. (B) Schematic and mechanism of energy harvesting by bandage during breathing. (C) Wound area as a function of time with (red curve) and without (black curve) electric field stimulation. Reproduced with permission under the terms of the Standard ACS Author Choice/Editors’ Choice usage agreement^[84]. Copyright 2018, American Chemical Society. (D) Functions of the wearable TENG E-skin patches in the wound: NIR photothermal heating, electrical stimulation, and sensing. (E) Quantification of wound closure rates. Reproduced with permission^[90]. Copyright 2021, Elsevier. (F) Schematics of the overall EMSD-L and EMSD-C (top). Exploded illustration of the device components, essential materials, and multilayer structures (bottom). (G) Working principle of wound treatment by programmable and skin temperature–activated EMSDs. (H) Wound closure rate over time of the wound area from ESMD-C, SMA-based mechanical dressing (MD-C), Endogenous electric field-based electrical dressing (ED-C), and blank control group (BC-C), respectively. Reproduced with permission^[91]. Copyright 2022, American Association for the Advancement of Science.