fig4

Figure 4. (A) Mixture of 1 g heavy oil, 40 mg sodium nanoparticles dispersed in 0.2 mL silicone oil, and 1 mL brine containing 5.66 wt.% NaCl. (B) Optical image of the emulsion formed by the heavy oil, sodium nanofluid, and brine. Inset: photograph of the emulsion sample.