REFERENCES
1. Rinella ME, Lazarus JV, Ratziu V, et al; NAFLD Nomenclature consensus group. A multisociety Delphi consensus statement on new fatty liver disease nomenclature. J Hepatol 2023;79:1542-56.
2. King WC, Chen JY, Mitchell JE, et al. Prevalence of alcohol use disorders before and after bariatric surgery. JAMA 2012;307:2516-25.
3. Müller MJ, Braun W, Enderle J, Bosy-Westphal A. Beyond BMI: conceptual issues related to overweight and obese patients. Obes Facts 2016;9:193-205.
4. World Health Organisation. Prevalence of obesity among adults, BMI >= 30 (age-standardized estimate) (%). Available from: https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/prevalence-of-obesity-among-adults-bmi-=-30-(age-standardized-estimate)-(-). [Last accessed on 22 Aug 2024].
5. Frood S, Johnston LM, Matteson CL, Finegood DT. Obesity, complexity, and the role of the health system. Curr Obes Rep 2013;2:320-6.
6. World Health Organisation. WHO acceleration plan to stop obesity. 2023. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240075634. [Last accessed on 22 Aug 2024].
7. Danaei G, Ding EL, Mozaffarian D, et al. The preventable causes of death in the United States: comparative risk assessment of dietary, lifestyle, and metabolic risk factors. PLoS Med 2009;6:e1000058.
8. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Diseases and death. Available from: https://archive.cdc.gov/#/details?url=https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fast_facts/diseases-and-death.html. [Last accessed on 22 Aug 2024].
9. Dee A, Kearns K, O’Neill C, et al. The direct and indirect costs of both overweight and obesity: a systematic review. BMC Res Notes 2014;7:242.
10. Goettler A, Grosse A, Sonntag D. Productivity loss due to overweight and obesity: a systematic review of indirect costs. BMJ Open 2017;7:e014632.
11. Rochlani Y, Pothineni NV, Kovelamudi S, Mehta JL. Metabolic syndrome: pathophysiology, management, and modulation by natural compounds. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2017;11:215-25.
12. Ahmed A, Wong RJ, Harrison SA. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease review: diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015;13:2062-70.
13. Fahed G, Aoun L, Bou Zerdan M, et al. Metabolic syndrome: updates on pathophysiology and management in 2021. Int J Mol Sci 2022;23:786.
14. Stefan N, Schulze MB. Metabolic health and cardiometabolic risk clusters: implications for prediction, prevention, and treatment. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2023;11:426-40.
15. Sponholtz TR, van den Heuvel ER, Xanthakis V, Vasan RS. Association of variability in body mass index and metabolic health with cardiometabolic disease risk. J Am Heart Assoc 2019;8:e010793.
16. Rehm J, Gmel GE Sr, Gmel G, et al. The relationship between different dimensions of alcohol use and the burden of disease - an update. Addiction 2017;112:968-1001.
17. World Health Organisation. Global information system on alcohol and health. Available from: https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/global-information-system-on-alcohol-and-health. [Last accessed on 22 Aug 2024].
18. Glantz MD, Bharat C, Degenhardt L, et al; WHO World Mental Health Survey Collaborators. The epidemiology of alcohol use disorders cross-nationally: findings from the World Mental Health Surveys. Addict Behav 2020;102:106128.
19. Grant BF, Goldstein RB, Saha TD, et al. Epidemiology of DSM-5 alcohol use disorder: results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions III. JAMA Psychiatry 2015;72:757-66.
20. Sacks JJ, Gonzales KR, Bouchery EE, Tomedi LE, Brewer RD. 2010 national and state costs of excessive alcohol consumption. Am J Prev Med 2015;49:e73-9.
21. Whetton S, Tait RJ, Gilmore W, et al. Examining the social and economic costs of alcohol use in Australia: 2017/18. Available from: https://ndri.curtin.edu.au/ndri/media/documents/publications/T302.pdf. [Last accessed on 22 Aug 2024].
22. Manthey J, Hassan SA, Carr S, Kilian C, Kuitunen-Paul S, Rehm J. What are the economic costs to society attributable to alcohol use? Pharmacoeconomics 2021;39:809-22.
23. Thavorncharoensap M, Teerawattananon Y, Yothasamut J, et al. The economic costs of alcohol consumption in Thailand, 2006. BMC Public Health 2010;10:323.
24. Jyani G, Prinja S, Ambekar A, Bahuguna P, Kumar R. Health impact and economic burden of alcohol consumption in India. Int J Drug Policy 2019;69:34-42.
25. Manning M, Smith C, Mazerolle P. The societal costs of alcohol misuse in Australia. In: Trends & issues in crime and criminal justice. 2013. Available from: https://www.aic.gov.au/publications/tandi/tandi454. [Last accessed on 22 Aug 2024].
26. World Health Organisation. Alcohol-attributable fractions, all-cause deaths (%). Available from: https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/alcohol-attributable-fractions-all-cause-deaths-(-). [Last accessed on 22 Aug 2024].
27. World Helath Organisation. Global status report on road safety 2023: summary. Available from: https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/374868/9789240086456-eng.pdf?sequence=1. [Last accessed on 22 Aug 2024].
28. World Health Organisation. Alcohol-related conditions, age-standardized death rates, per 100,000 population. Available from: https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/cancer-age-standardized-death-rates-(15-)-per-100-000-population. [Last accessed on 22 Aug 2024].
29. World Health Organisation. Fact sheet on alcohol consumption, alcohol-attributable harm and alcohol policy responses in European Union Member States, Norway and Switzerland (2018). Available from: https://www.who.int/europe/publications/m/item/fact-sheet-on-alcohol-consumption--alcohol-attributable-harm-and-alcohol-policy-responses-in-european-union-member-states--norway-and-switzerland-(2018). [Last accessed on 22 Aug 2024].
30. World Health Organisation. Alcohol-attributable fractions, liver cirrhosis deaths by country. Available from: https://apps.who.int/gho/data/view.main.53460. [Last accessed on 22 Aug 2024].
31. 2017 Cirrhosis Collaborators. The global, regional, and national burden of cirrhosis by cause in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020;5:245-66.
32. Paik JM, Golabi P, Younossi Y, Mishra A, Younossi ZM. Changes in the global burden of chronic liver diseases from 2012 to 2017: the growing impact of NAFLD. Hepatology 2020;72:1605-16.
33. Huang DQ, Terrault NA, Tacke F, et al. Global epidemiology of cirrhosis - aetiology, trends and predictions. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023;20:388-98.
34. Desai AP, Mohan P, Nokes B, et al. Increasing economic burden in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis: analysis of a national database. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2019;10:e00062.
35. Zou B, Yeo YH, Jeong D, et al. A nationwide study of inpatient admissions, mortality, and costs for patients with cirrhosis from 2005 to 2015 in the USA. Dig Dis Sci 2020;65:1520-8.
36. Lovett GC, Ha P, Roberts AT, et al. Healthcare utilisation and costing for decompensated chronic liver disease hospitalisations at a Victorian network. Intern Med J 2023;53:1581-7.
37. Kann AE, Jepsen P, Madsen LG, West J, Askgaard G. Cause-specific mortality in patients with alcohol-related liver disease in Denmark: a population-based study. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023;8:1028-34.
38. Golabi P, Paik JM, Eberly K, de Avila L, Alqahtani SA, Younossi ZM. Causes of death in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), alcoholic liver disease and chronic viral hepatitis B and C. Ann Hepatol 2022;27:100556.
39. Tapper EB, Parikh ND. Mortality due to cirrhosis and liver cancer in the United States, 1999-2016: observational study. BMJ 2018;362:k2817.
40. Konyn P, Ahmed A, Kim D. Causes and risk profiles of mortality among individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Mol Hepatol 2023;29:S43-57.
41. Colantuoni C, Schwenker J, McCarthy J, et al. Excessive sugar intake alters binding to dopamine and mu-opioid receptors in the brain. Neuroreport 2001;12:3549-52.
42. Flórez-Salamanca L, Secades-Villa R, Hasin DS, et al. Probability and predictors of transition from abuse to dependence on alcohol, cannabis, and cocaine: results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2013;39:168-79.
43. Davis C. A narrative review of binge eating and addictive behaviors: shared associations with seasonality and personality factors. Front Psychiatry 2013;4:183.
44. Zilberman N, Yadid G, Efrati Y, Neumark Y, Rassovsky Y. Personality profiles of substance and behavioral addictions. Addict Behav 2018;82:174-81.
45. Stephens CR, Easton JF, Robles-Cabrera A, et al. The impact of education and age on metabolic disorders. Front Public Health 2020;8:180.
46. Al-Khatib Y, Akhtar MA, Kanawati MA, Mucheke R, Mahfouz M, Al-Nufoury M. Depression and metabolic syndrome: a narrative review. Cureus 2022;14:e22153.
47. Opio J, Wynne K, Attia J, et al. Metabolic health, overweight or obesity, and depressive symptoms among older Australian adults. Nutrients 2024;16:928.
48. Xu H, Zhuang X. Atypical antipsychotics-induced metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a critical review. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019;15:2087-99.
49. Shea S, Lionis C, Kite C, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and potential links to depression, anxiety, and chronic stress. Biomedicines 2021;9:1697.
50. Soto-Angona Ó, Anmella G, Valdés-Florido MJ, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as a neglected metabolic companion of psychiatric disorders: common pathways and future approaches. BMC Med 2020;18:261.
51. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition. Available from: https://psychiatryonline.org/doi/book/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596. [Last accessed on 22 Aug 2024].
52. Gordon EL, Ariel-Donges AH, Bauman V, Merlo LJ. What is the evidence for “food addiction?” A systematic review. Nutrients 2018;10:477.
53. MacLean PS, Blundell JE, Mennella JA, Batterham RL. Biological control of appetite: a daunting complexity. Obesity 2017;25 Suppl 1:S8-16.
54. Shimizu M, Payne CR, Wansink B. When snacks become meals: how hunger and environmental cues bias food intake. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2010;7:63.
55. Ogden J, Wood C, Payne E, Fouracre H, Lammyman F. ‘Snack’ versus ‘meal’: the impact of label and place on food intake. Appetite 2018;120:666-72.
56. Cohen DA. Neurophysiological pathways to obesity: below awareness and beyond individual control. Diabetes 2008;57:1768-73.
57. Wen X, Zhang B, Wu B, et al. Signaling pathways in obesity: mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022;7:298.
58. Sumithran P, Prendergast LA, Delbridge E, et al. Long-term persistence of hormonal adaptations to weight loss. N Engl J Med 2011;365:1597-604.
59. Camacho S, Ruppel A. Is the calorie concept a real solution to the obesity epidemic? Glob Health Action 2017;10:1289650.
60. Thege B, Woodin EM, Hodgins DC, Williams RJ. Natural course of behavioral addictions: a 5-year longitudinal study. BMC Psychiatry 2015;15:4.
61. Alavi SS, Ferdosi M, Jannatifard F, Eslami M, Alaghemandan H, Setare M. Behavioral addiction versus substance addiction: correspondence of psychiatric and psychological views. Int J Prev Med 2012;3:290-4.
62. Hebebrand J, Albayrak Ö, Adan R, et al. “Eating addiction”, rather than “food addiction”, better captures addictive-like eating behavior. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014;47:295-306.
63. Olsen CM. Natural rewards, neuroplasticity, and non-drug addictions. Neuropharmacology 2011;61:1109-22.
64. Adams WK, Sussman JL, Kaur S, D’souza AM, Kieffer TJ, Winstanley CA. Long-term, calorie-restricted intake of a high-fat diet in rats reduces impulse control and ventral striatal D2 receptor signalling - two markers of addiction vulnerability. Eur J Neurosci 2015;42:3095-104.
66. Lent MR, Swencionis C. Addictive personality and maladaptive eating behaviors in adults seeking bariatric surgery. Eat Behav 2012;13:67-70.
67. Meule A. The psychology of food cravings: the role of food deprivation. Curr Nutr Rep 2020;9:251-7.
68. Reents J, Pedersen A. Differences in food craving in individuals with obesity with and without binge eating disorder. Front Psychol 2021;12:660880.
69. Rajan TM, Menon V. Psychiatric disorders and obesity: a review of association studies. J Postgrad Med 2017;63:182-90.
70. Sarwer DB, Polonsky HM. The psychosocial burden of obesity. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2016;45:677-88.
71. Finkelstein EA, Brown DS, Evans WD. Do obese persons comprehend their personal health risks? Am J Health Behav 2008;32:508-16.
72. Gregory CO, Blanck HM, Gillespie C, Maynard LM, Serdula MK. Health perceptions and demographic characteristics associated with underassessment of body weight. Obesity 2008;16:979-86.
73. Liu J, Ma Q, Wang X, et al. Weight self-misperception and obesity-related knowledge, attitudes, lifestyle behaviours and cardio-metabolic markers among Chinese school-aged children and adolescents. Public Health Nutr 2023;26:1549-61.
75. Parnarouskis L, Schulte EM, Lumeng JC, Gearhardt AN. Development of the highly processed food withdrawal scale for children. Appetite 2020;147:104553.
76. Johnson PM, Kenny PJ. Dopamine D2 receptors in addiction-like reward dysfunction and compulsive eating in obese rats. Nat Neurosci 2010;13:635-41.
77. Krahn D, Grossman J, Henk H, Mussey M, Crosby R, Gosnell B. Sweet intake, sweet-liking, urges to eat, and weight change: relationship to alcohol dependence and abstinence. Addict Behav 2006;31:622-31.
78. Denoth F, Siciliano V, Iozzo P, Fortunato L, Molinaro S. The association between overweight and illegal drug consumption in adolescents: is there an underlying influence of the sociocultural environment? PLoS One 2011;6:e27358.
79. Tinghino B, Lugoboni F, Amatulli A, et al. The FODRAT study (FOod addiction, DRugs, Alcohol and Tobacco): first data on food addiction prevalence among patients with addiction to drugs, tobacco and alcohol. Eat Weight Disord 2021;26:449-55.
80. Bahji A, Mazhar MN, Hudson CC, Nadkarni P, MacNeil BA, Hawken E. Prevalence of substance use disorder comorbidity among individuals with eating disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res 2019;273:58-66.
81. 8th Global Registry Report. International Federation for Surgery for Obesity and Metabolic Disorders. 2023. Available from: https://www.ifso.com/pdf/8th-ifso-registry-report-2023.pdf. [Last accessed on 22 Aug 2024].
82. O’Brien PE, Hindle A, Brennan L, et al. Long-term outcomes after bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of weight loss at 10 or more years for all bariatric procedures and a single-centre review of 20-year outcomes after adjustable gastric banding. Obes Surg 2019;29:3-14.
83. Maciejewski ML, Arterburn DE, Van Scoyoc L, et al. Bariatric surgery and long-term durability of weight loss. JAMA Surg 2016;151:1046-55.
84. Clapp B, Wynn M, Martyn C, Foster C, O’Dell M, Tyroch A. Long term (7 or more years) outcomes of the sleeve gastrectomy: a meta-analysis. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2018;14:741-7.
85. Mingrone G, Panunzi S, De Gaetano A, et al. Metabolic surgery versus conventional medical therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: 10-year follow-up of an open-label, single-centre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2021;397:293-304.
86. Gloy VL, Briel M, Bhatt DL, et al. Bariatric surgery versus non-surgical treatment for obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 2013;347:f5934.
87. Qi L, Guo Y, Liu CQ, Huang ZP, Sheng Y, Zou DJ. Effects of bariatric surgery on glycemic and lipid metabolism, surgical complication and quality of life in adolescents with obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2017;13:2037-55.
88. Schauer PR, Bhatt DL, Kirwan JP, et al; STAMPEDE Investigators. Bariatric surgery versus intensive medical therapy for diabetes - 5-year outcomes. N Engl J Med 2017;376:641-51.
89. Koh ZJ, Chew CAZ, Zhang JJY, et al. Metabolic outcomes after revisional bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2020;16:1442-54.
90. Chandrakumar H, Khatun N, Gupta T, Graham-Hill S, Zhyvotovska A, McFarlane SI. The effects of bariatric surgery on cardiovascular outcomes and cardiovascular mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cureus 2023;15:e34723.
91. Eisenberg D, Shikora SA, Aarts E, et al. 2022 American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (ASMBS) and International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders (IFSO): indications for metabolic and bariatric surgery. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2022;18:1345-56.
92. Peng Y, Qi X, Guo X. Child-pugh versus MELD score for the assessment of prognosis in liver cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Medicine 2016;95:e2877.
93. Dilektasli E, Demir B. Definitions and current indications for obesity and metabolic surgery. Ann Laparosc Endosc Surg 2021;6.
94. Livingston M, Callinan S. Underreporting in alcohol surveys: whose drinking is underestimated? J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2015;76:158-64.
95. Stockwell T, Zhao J, Greenfield T, Li J, Livingston M, Meng Y. Estimating under- and over-reporting of drinking in national surveys of alcohol consumption: identification of consistent biases across four English-speaking countries. Addiction 2016;111:1203-13.
96. Svensson PA, Anveden Å, Romeo S, et al. Alcohol consumption and alcohol problems after bariatric surgery in the Swedish obese subjects study. Obesity 2013;21:2444-51.
97. Conason A, Teixeira J, Hsu CH, Puma L, Knafo D, Geliebter A. Substance use following bariatric weight loss surgery. JAMA Surg 2013;148:145-50.
98. Gribsholt SB, Pedersen L, Richelsen B, Dekkers O, Thomsen RW. Body mass index of 92,027 patients acutely admitted to general hospitals in Denmark: associated clinical characteristics and 30-day mortality. PLoS One 2018;13:e0195853.
99. White GE, Courcoulas AP, King WC, et al. Mortality after bariatric surgery: findings from a 7-year multicenter cohort study. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2019;15:1755-65.
100. Backman O, Stockeld D, Rasmussen F, Näslund E, Marsk R. Alcohol and substance abuse, depression and suicide attempts after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Br J Surg 2016;103:1336-42.
101. Ostlund MP, Backman O, Marsk R, et al. Increased admission for alcohol dependence after gastric bypass surgery compared with restrictive bariatric surgery. JAMA Surg 2013;148:374-7.
102. Saules KK, Wiedemann A, Ivezaj V, Hopper JA, Foster-Hartsfield J, Schwarz D. Bariatric surgery history among substance abuse treatment patients: prevalence and associated features. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2010;6:615-21.
103. Suzuki J, Haimovici F, Chang G. Alcohol use disorders after bariatric surgery. Obes Surg 2012;22:201-7.
104. Bramming M, Becker U, Jørgensen MB, Neermark S, Bisgaard T, Tolstrup JS. Bariatric surgery and risk of alcohol use disorder: a register-based cohort study. Int J Epidemiol 2021;49:1826-35.
105. Wee CC, Mukamal KJ, Huskey KW, et al. High-risk alcohol use after weight loss surgery. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2014;10:508-13.
106. de Araujo Burgos MGP, Cabral PC, Maio R, et al. Prevalence of alcohol abuse before and after bariatric surgery associated with nutritional and lifestyle factors: a study involving a portuguese population. Obes Surg 2015;25:1716-22.
107. Cuellar-Barboza AB, Frye MA, Grothe K, et al. Change in consumption patterns for treatment-seeking patients with alcohol use disorder post-bariatric surgery. J Psychosom Res 2015;78:199-204.
108. Klockhoff H, Näslund I, Jones AW. Faster absorption of ethanol and higher peak concentration in women after gastric bypass surgery. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2002;54:587-91.
109. Hagedorn JC, Encarnacion B, Brat GA, Morton JM. Does gastric bypass alter alcohol metabolism? Surg Obes Relat Dis 2007;3:543-8; discussion 548.
110. Woodard GA, Downey J, Hernandez-Boussard T, Morton JM. Impaired alcohol metabolism after gastric bypass surgery: a case-crossover trial. J Am Coll Surg 2011;212:209-14.
111. Steffen KJ, Engel SG, Pollert GA, Li C, Mitchell JE. Blood alcohol concentrations rise rapidly and dramatically after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2013;9:470-3.
112. Pepino MY, Okunade AL, Eagon JC, Bartholow BD, Bucholz K, Klein S. Effect of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery: converting 2 alcoholic drinks to 4. JAMA Surg 2015;150:1096-8.
113. Engel SG, Schaefer LM, Kerver GA, et al. The rewarding effects of alcohol after bariatric surgery: do they change and are they associated with pharmacokinetic changes? Surg Obes Relat Dis 2022;18:190-5.
114. Ibrahim N, Alameddine M, Brennan J, Sessine M, Holliday C, Ghaferi AA. New onset alcohol use disorder following bariatric surgery. Surg Endosc 2019;33:2521-30.
115. Mellinger JL, Shedden K, Winder GS, et al. Bariatric surgery and the risk of alcohol-related cirrhosis and alcohol misuse. Liver Int 2021;41:1012-9.
116. Maluenda F, Csendes A, De Aretxabala X, et al. Alcohol absorption modification after a laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy due to obesity. Obes Surg 2010;20:744-8.
117. Acevedo MB, Eagon JC, Bartholow BD, Klein S, Bucholz KK, Pepino MY. Sleeve gastrectomy surgery: when 2 alcoholic drinks are converted to 4. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2018;14:277-83.
118. Acevedo MB, Teran-Garcia M, Bucholz KK, et al. Alcohol sensitivity in women after undergoing bariatric surgery: a cross-sectional study. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2020;16:536-44.
119. Changchien EM, Woodard GA, Hernandez-Boussard T, Morton JM. Normal alcohol metabolism after gastric banding and sleeve gastrectomy: a case-cross-over trial. J Am Coll Surg 2012;215:475-9.
120. Gallo AS, Berducci MA, Nijhawan S, et al. Alcohol metabolism is not affected by sleeve gastrectomy. Surg Endosc 2015;29:1088-93.
121. Ames GE, Heckman MG, Diehl NN, et al. Guiding patients toward the appropriate surgical treatment for obesity: should presurgery psychological correlates influence choice between Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and vertical sleeve gastrectomy? Obes Surg 2017;27:2759-67.
122. Spadola CE, Wagner EF, Varga LM, Syvertsen JL, De La Cruz Munoz NF, Messiah SE. A qualitative examination of increased alcohol use after bariatric surgery among racially/ethnically diverse young adults. Obes Surg 2018;28:1492-7.
123. Yoder R, MacNeela P, Conway R, Heary C. How do individuals develop alcohol use disorder after bariatric surgery? A grounded theory exploration. Obes Surg 2018;28:717-24.
124. Castaneda D, Popov VB, Wander P, Thompson CC. Risk of suicide and self-harm is increased after bariatric surgery-a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Surg 2019;29:322-33.
125. Miller-Matero LR, Coleman JP, LaLonde L, Martens KM, Hamann A, Carlin AM. Patient recall of education about the risks of alcohol use following bariatric surgery. Obes Surg 2019;29:2707-10.
127. Jones AW, Jönsson KA, Kechagias S. Effect of high-fat, high-protein, and high-carbohydrate meals on the pharmacokinetics of a small dose of ethanol. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1997;44:521-6.
128. Melissas J, Leventi A, Klinaki I, et al. Alterations of global gastrointestinal motility after sleeve gastrectomy: a prospective study. Ann Surg 2013;258:976-82.
129. Lutz TA, Bueter M. The physiology underlying Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a status report. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2014;307:R1275-91.
130. Dimitriadis GK, Randeva MS, Miras AD. Potential hormone mechanisms of bariatric surgery. Curr Obes Rep 2017;6:253-65.
131. Lampropoulos C, Alexandrides T, Tsochatzis S, Kehagias D, Kehagias I. Are the changes in gastrointestinal hormone secretion necessary for the success of bariatric surgery? A critical review of the literature. Obes Surg 2021;31:4575-84.
132. Cooper AJ, Gupta SR, Moustafa AF, Chao AM. Sex/gender differences in obesity prevalence, comorbidities, and treatment. Curr Obes Rep 2021;10:458-66.
133. Kezer CA, Simonetto DA, Shah VH. Sex differences in alcohol consumption and alcohol-associated liver disease. Mayo Clin Proc 2021;96:1006-16.
134. Otete HE, Orton E, West J, Fleming KM. Sex and age differences in the early identification and treatment of alcohol use: a population-based study of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. Addiction 2015;110:1932-40.
135. White GE, Courcoulas AP, Richardson GA, Mair C, King WC. Alcohol use thresholds for identifying alcohol-related problems before and following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Ann Surg 2019;269:1001-9.
136. Wood AM, Kaptoge S, Butterworth AS, et al; Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration/EPIC-CVD/UK Biobank Alcohol Study Group. Risk thresholds for alcohol consumption: combined analysis of individual-participant data for 599912 current drinkers in 83 prospective studies. Lancet 2018;391:1513-23.
137. Alvarado-Tapias E, Marti-Aguado D, Kennedy K, et al. Bariatric surgery is associated with alcohol-related liver disease and psychiatric disorders associated with AUD. Obes Surg 2023;33:1494-505.
138. Huang DQ, Mathurin P, Cortez-Pinto H, Loomba R. Global epidemiology of alcohol-associated cirrhosis and HCC: trends, projections and risk factors. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023;20:37-49.
139. Aminian A, Al-Kurd A, Wilson R, et al. Association of bariatric surgery with major adverse liver and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. JAMA 2021;326:2031-42.
140. Praveen Raj P, Gomes RM, Kumar S, et al. The effect of surgically induced weight loss on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in morbidly obese Indians: “NASHOST” prospective observational trial. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2015;11:1315-22.
141. Wolter S, Duprée A, Coelius C, et al. Influence of liver disease on perioperative outcome after bariatric surgery in a Northern German cohort. Obes Surg 2017;27:90-5.
142. Jung YK, Yim HJ. Reversal of liver cirrhosis: current evidence and expectations. Korean J Intern Med 2017;32:213-28.
143. Mosko JD, Nguyen GC. Increased perioperative mortality following bariatric surgery among patients with cirrhosis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011;9:897-901.
144. Mumtaz K, Lipshultz H, Jalil S, et al. Bariatric surgery in patients with cirrhosis: careful patient and surgery-type selection is key to improving outcomes. Obes Surg 2020;30:3444-52.
145. Sharpton SR, Terrault NA, Posselt AM. Outcomes of sleeve gastrectomy in obese liver transplant candidates. Liver Transpl 2019;25:538-44.
146. Vuppalanchi R, McCabe ME 4th, Tandra SR, et al. Safety and efficacy of bariatric surgery in cirrhosis patients with extreme obesity. Ann Surg 2022;275:e174-80.
147. Quezada N, Maturana G, Irarrázaval MJ, et al. Bariatric surgery in cirrhotic patients: a matched case-control study. Obes Surg 2020;30:4724-31.
148. Kaul A, Singla V, Baksi A, et al. Safety and efficacy of bariatric surgery in advanced liver fibrosis. Obes Surg 2020;30:4359-65.
149. Mehdorn AS, Moulla Y, Mehdorn M, et al. Bariatric surgery in liver cirrhosis. Front Surg 2022;9:986297.
150. Izzy M, Angirekula M, Abu Dayyeh BK, Bazerbachi F, Watt KD. Bariatric surgery proves long-term benefit in patients with cirrhosis. Gastroenterol Rep 2021;9:252-6.
151. Vande Berg P, Ulaj A, de Broqueville G, et al. Liver decompensation after bariatric surgery in the absence of cirrhosis. Obes Surg 2022;32:1227-35.
152. Younus H, Sharma A, Miquel R, et al. Bariatric surgery in cirrhotic patients: is it safe? Obes Surg 2020;30:1241-8.
153. Miñambres I, Rubio MA, de Hollanda A, et al. Outcomes of bariatric surgery in patients with cirrhosis. Obes Surg 2019;29:585-92.
154. Hanipah ZN, Punchai S, McCullough A, et al. Bariatric surgery in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Obes Surg 2018;28:3431-8.
155. Pestana L, Swain J, Dierkhising R, Kendrick ML, Kamath PS, Watt KD. Bariatric surgery in patients with cirrhosis with and without portal hypertension: a single-center experience. Mayo Clin Proc 2015;90:209-15.
156. Bai J, Jia Z, Chen Y, Li Y, Zheng S, Duan Z. Bariatric surgery is effective and safe for obese patients with compensated cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Surg 2022;46:1122-33.
157. Chalasani N, Younossi Z, Lavine JE, et al. The diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: practice guidance from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology 2018;67:328-57.
158. Moretto M, Kupski C, da Silva VD, Padoin AV, Mottin CC. Effect of bariatric surgery on liver fibrosis. Obes Surg 2012;22:1044-9.
159. Salman MA, Mikhail HMS, Nafea MA, et al. Impact of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy on fibrosis stage in patients with child-A NASH-related cirrhosis. Surg Endosc 2021;35:1269-77.
160. Kahramanoğlu Aksoy E, Göktaş Z, Albuz Ö, et al. Effects of sleeve gastrectomy on liver enzymes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-related fibrosis and steatosis scores in morbidly obese patients: first year follow-up. J Lab Med 2019;43:115-22.
161. Esquivel CM, Garcia M, Armando L, Ortiz G, Lascano FM, Foscarini JM. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy resolves NAFLD: another formal indication for bariatric surgery? Obes Surg 2018;28:4022-33.
162. Nobili V, Carpino G, De Peppo F, et al. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy improves nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-related liver damage in adolescents by reshaping cellular interactions and hepatic adipocytokine production. J Pediatr 2018;194:100-8.e3.
163. Lassailly G, Caiazzo R, Ntandja-Wandji LC, et al. Bariatric surgery provides long-term resolution of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and regression of fibrosis. Gastroenterology 2020;159:1290-301.e5.
164. Chaim FDM, Pascoal LB, Chaim FHM, et al. Histological grading evaluation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease after bariatric surgery: a retrospective and longitudinal observational cohort study. Sci Rep 2020;10:8496.
165. Salman MA, Salman AA, Abdelsalam A, et al. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy on the horizon as a promising treatment modality for NAFLD. Obes Surg 2020;30:87-95.
166. Salman MA, Salman AA, Omar HSE, et al. Long-term effects of one-anastomosis gastric bypass on liver histopathology in NAFLD cases: a prospective study. Surg Endosc 2021;35:1889-94.
167. Parker BM, Wu J, You J, et al. Reversal of fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatosis after gastric bypass surgery. BMC Obes 2017;4:32.
168. de Barros F, Fonseca ABM. Bariatric surgery during the evolution of fatty liver - A randomized clinical trial comparing gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy based on transient elastography. Clin Obes 2020;10:e12393.
169. Anugwom C, Thomson M, Freese RL, Lake JR, Lim N. Lower survival and higher rates of cirrhosis in patients with ROUX-EN-Y gastric bypass hospitalised with alcohol-associated hepatitis. BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2023;10:e001083.
170. Kim HP, Jiang Y, Farrell TM, Peat CM, Hayashi PH, Barritt AS 4th. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is associated with increased hazard for de novo alcohol-related complications and liver disease. J Clin Gastroenterol 2022;56:181-5.
171. Onghena L, Van Nieuwenhove Y, Demeulenaere L, et al. Patients hospitalized with alcohol-related liver disease and prior bariatric surgery are more prone to develop acute-on-chronic liver failure. Liver Int 2023;43:2743-51.
172. Van Melkebeke L, Broekhoven AGC, Ostyn T, et al. Patients with a history of bariatric surgery are 8 years younger at presentation with severe alcoholic hepatitis. Obes Surg 2023;33:284-92.
173. Liu Y, Ruan B, Jiang H, et al. The weight-loss effect of GLP-1RAs glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in non-diabetic individuals with overweight or obesity: a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2023;118:614-26.
174. Klausen MK, Thomsen M, Wortwein G, Fink-Jensen A. The role of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) in addictive disorders. Br J Pharmacol 2022;179:625-41.
175. Jerlhag E. The therapeutic potential of glucagon-like peptide-1 for persons with addictions based on findings from preclinical and clinical studies. Front Pharmacol 2023;14:1063033.
176. Desalegn H, Farias R, Hudson D, et al. Prevention and control of risk factors in metabolic and alcohol-associated steatotic liver disease. Metab Target Organ Damage 2024;4:25.
177. Lonardo A, Singal AK, Osna N, Kharbanda KK. Effect of cofactors on NAFLD/NASH and MAFLD. A paradigm illustrating the pathomechanics of organ dysfunction. Metab Target Organ Damage 2022;2:12.
178. Battistella S, D’Arcangelo F, Grasso M, et al. Liver transplantation for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: indications and post-transplant management. Clin Mol Hepatol 2023;29:S286-301.
179. Mendoza YP, Becchetti C, Watt KD, Berzigotti A. Risks and rewards of bariatric surgery in advanced chronic liver diseases. Semin Liver Dis 2021;41:448-60.
180. Lefere S, Stroobant L, Verhelst X, et al. Bariatric surgery patients are at risk for alcoholic liver disease with need for liver transplantation. Obes Surg 2020;30:4659-64.
181. García-Sesma A, Calvo J, Manrique A, et al. Morbidly obese patients awaiting liver transplantation-sleeve gastrectomy: safety and efficacy from a liver transplant unit experience. Transplant Proc 2019;51:33-7.
182. Idriss R, Hasse J, Wu T, et al. Impact of prior bariatric surgery on perioperative liver transplant outcomes. Liver Transpl 2019;25:217-27.
183. Heimbach JK, Watt KDS, Poterucha JJ, et al. Combined liver transplantation and gastric sleeve resection for patients with medically complicated obesity and end-stage liver disease. Am J Transplant 2013;13:363-8.
