fig1

Figure 1. Overlap and distinctions between NAFLD, MAFLD and MASLD. ^*Overweight/obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, or lean/normal weight plus at least two metabolic risks: waist circumference ≥ 102/88 cm in Caucasian men and women (or ethnic adjusted criteria), blood pressure ≥ 130/85 mmHg or use of antihypertensive drug, prediabetes (defined as fasting plasma glucose levels 100-125 mg/dL or Hb A1c 5.7%-6.4% or 2-h post prandial plasma glucose levels 140-199 mg/dL, plasma triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL or lipid-lowering treatment, plasma HDL-cholesterol < 40 mg/dL in men or mg/L; ^**(1) Body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m² in Caucasians, or waist circumference > 94/80 cm in Caucasian men and women, or ethnic adjusted criteria; (2) fasting serum glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL, or 2-h post-load glucose levels ≥ 140 mg/dL, or HbA1c ≥ 5.7%, or diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus or antidiabetic treatment; (3) blood pressure ≥ 130/85 mmHg or specific antihypertension treatment; (4) plasma triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL or lipid-lowering treatment; (5) plasma HDL-cholesterol < 40 mg/dL in men or < 50 mg/dL in women or lipid-lowering treatment. NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; MAFLD: metabolic-associated fatty liver disease; MASLD: metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease; Hb: hemoglobin; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; CRP: C-reactive protein.