fig1

Figure 1. The basic properties of LVP@NC-x (x = 0.5, 0.8, 1, 2, and 3) composites: (A) Schematic illustration of the synthesis steps. (B) XRD patterns. (C) Rietveld refinement of LVP@NC-0.8 composite. SEM images of (D) precursor and (E and F) LVP@NC-0.8 composite in the low and high magnifications. (G and H) TEM images, (I) the corresponding statistical particle size distribution, where $$\overline{D}$$ represents the statistical average particle size with the mean ± standard deviation (n = 100) method, and (J) elemental mapping images with different elements for LVP@NC-0.8 composite.