fig5

Figure 5. Phase-field simulation of breakdown path evolution and electric field distribution in core-shell structures. (A) Electric field distribution with different thickness of shell. This figure is quoted with permission from Wu et al.[12], copyright 2015, John Wiley and Sons; (B) Breakdown path with core-shell BTO@SiO2 nanofillers and uncoated BTO nanofillers. This figure is quoted with permission from Bi et al.[21], copyright 2018, Elsevier; (C) Grain structures, domain structures of the unpoled state and electric field distributions of the poled state under an applied electric field of 400 MV/m, respectively, of the PZT films. This figure is quoted with permission from Peddigari et al.[10] copyright 2023, John Wiley and Sons. BTO: BaTiO3; PZT: PbZr1-xTixO3.