fig10

Figure 10. Phase-field simulations of topological domain structures and energy storage performance. (A) Vortex domain and trivial domain under external electric field of BTO core-shell structures; (B) Energy storage performance with different shell fraction and permittivity. This figure is quoted with the permission from Cai et al.^[110], copyright 2021, AIP Publishing; (C) Vortex domain, spiral domain, and trivial domain with different misfit strains; (D) Energy storage performance with different strain and electric field. These figures are quoted with permission from Liu et al.^[117], copyright 2022, John Wiley and Sons. BTO: BaTiO₃.