fig1

Figure 1. Overview of the design and benefits of AEMs compared to PEMs. (A) Schematic of an AEM fuel cell, highlighting key advantages over PEMs, such as reduced cost and the elimination of fluorinated polymers; (B) Chemical structures of Nafion (the most commonly used PEM material) and Sustanion (a representative AEM material), demonstrate the shift away from fluorine-based chemistry; (C) Workflow of the AI-driven design process for novel AEMs, including target property identification, data curation, ML model training, candidate generation, screening, and optimization based on active learning. AEMs: Anion exchange membranes; PEMs: proton exchange membranes; ML: machine learning.