fig3

Figure 3. Effect of stepwise feature addition on XGB model performance in terms of validation RMSE and R². Four random states (RS = 42, 0, 14, and 28) are shown. Note that the final four models [Table 1] were re-developed using a list of eight features selected based on their common appearance across the four models shown here. XGB: XGBoost; RMSE: root mean square error; RS: random states.