fig3

Figure 3. Flowchart of a new machine learning framework for predicting 600% tensile stress in natural rubber. NR: Natural Rubber; VAE: Variational Autoencoder; NNI-SMOTE: Nearest Neighbor Interpolation-Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique; GMM-VSG: a Virtual Sample Generation algorithm based on Gaussian Mixture Models; VSG: Virtual Sample Generation; OK: Ordinary Kriging; GBR: Gradient Boosting Regression; SVR: Support Vector Regression; LASSO: Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator; ANN: Artificial Neural Networks; BRR: Bayesian Ridge Regression.