Figure2

Figure 2. Microstructures and mechanical properties in AM. (A) Microstructure of a melt pool, equiaxed at the periphery and dendritic along the solidification direction ^[89]. (B) Spiral microstructure pattern observed due to 67 degree layer rotation scanning strategy ^[95]. (C) Lamellar grains comprised of alternating $$ <100> $$ and $$ <110> $$ grains in stainless steel 316L by altering laser power and scanning speed ^[91]. (D) Preferred nucleation of $$ <110> $$ grains in stainless steel 316L ^[90]. (E) AM SS316L has a good combination of uniform elongation and yield stress compared to conventionally manufactured counterparts ^[99] and its corresponding microstructure. (F) AM Ti-6Al-4V with duplex $$ \alpha $$-grains and $$ \alpha $$-laths, enabled by the deliberate introduction of pores, followed by hot isostatic pressing ^[96].