fig5

Figure 5. Complex material dynamics in metals and alloys under extreme conditions of high temperature, high pressure, and various components. At high temperature, metallic materials can show rich structural phase transformations e.g., martensite phase transformation^[67], glass transition^[113], melting^[47,114], incommensurate transition^[115], etc. While at high pressure, new states of matter via structural phase transformation, metal-electride transition^[78], and liquid-liquid phase transition may be achieved. The increase of components leads to the formation of complex solid-solutions, clusters, segregations, intermetallic compounds, and short-range-ordered high entropy alloys.