fig7

Figure 7. PAM-based n-type i-TE materials and their TE properties. The figure includes the structural representation of PAM and illustrates its interactions within the hydrogel network, highlighting the relationship between structure and TE performance. TE properties of PAM hydrogel-based i-TE materials with various zinc salts and concentrations: (A) Seebeck coefficient, (B) Ionic conductivity, and (C) Power factor (PF). Reproduced with permission^[64]. Copyright 2024, American Chemical Society; TE performance of double-network PAM and sodium alginate (SA) hydrogel: (D) Output voltages as a function of filler content and time. (E) Comparison of Seebeck coefficient and ionic conductivity. (F) Voltage response of PAM/SA hydrogel under temperature gradients with a stepwise increase of 5 K. Reproduced with permission^[84]. Copyright 2024, Elsevier B.V.