fig6

Figure 6. (A) Schematic of partial substitution of Ir by Gd, Pr, Nd, Mo and W atoms; (B) O 1s XPS spectra of Gd-IrO_2-δ electrocatalyst; (C) OER performance of each electrocatalyst in acidic medium (Copyright 2023, John Wiley and Sons^[121]). (D) Acidic OER performance of IrO_x/Pr₃IrO₇ and (E) free energy maps based on AEM and LOM paths (Copyright 2021, Springer Nature^[122]); (F) TEM images of IrO_x/Y₂O₃; (G) polarization curves and Tafel slopes of different electrocatalysts; (H) The electrocatalytic OER pathway of iridium oxide converted from AEM to LOM by electrochemical etching pre-treatment (Copyright 2023, John Wiley and Sons^[82]). The constructed Ir-MnO₂ is theoretically prepared for activity stability (I); and electrochemical tests (J) and DFT (K) corroborate the activity mechanism (Copyright 2021, Elsevier^[123]). OER: Oxygen generation reaction; AEM: Adsorption evolution mechanism; LOM: Lattice oxygen mechanism; DFT: Density functional theory; XPS: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; TEM: Transmission electron microscope.