fig2

Figure 2. (A) Schematic diagram of the corrosion of the catalyst layer induced by the Cl^- ions and (B) strategies to suppress ClER and increase OER selectivity. (A and B) This figure is quoted with permission from Zhang et al. Copyright (2024) Wiley-VCH GmbH^[44]. (C) Pourbaix diagram for artificial seawater model and (D) Maximum allowed overpotential of OER electrolyzer catalysts to ensure 100% selective water splitting from the difference between standard electrode potentials of the three relevant chloride oxidation reactions and the OER vs. pH. (C and D) This figure is quoted with permission from Dionigi et al. Copyright (2016) ChemPubSoc Europe^[51]. (E) Scheme of the inhibited chlorine-related adsorption from local alkaline microenvironment generation on Lewis acid-modified anode. This figure is quoted with permission from Guo et al. Copyright (2023) Springer Nature^[52]. (F) Recorded LSV of OER performance of Ni(OH)₂ under pure water and seawater conditions. This figure is quoted with permission from Liu et al. Copyright (2023) Wiley-VCH GmbH^[49]. (G) Polarization curves extracted from the cyclic voltammetry in different electrolytes, NiFe-LDH as anode material. This figure is quoted with permission from Dresp et al. Copyright (2018) Wiley-VCH GmbH^[53]. (H) Scatter plot of computed OER and ClER onset potentials. This figure is quoted with permission from Jung et al. Copyright (2024) Americal Chemical Society^[54]. (I) Corresponding SEM images of NiFe-E observed after 30 h operation in 1 M NaOH + seawater. This figure is quoted with permission from Zhang et al. Copyright (2023) Springer Nature^[55].