fig3

Figure 3. Catalytic performance evaluation. (A) Styrene selectivity comparison as a function of heat-treated temperature and Pd loadings at ~100% phenylacetylene conversion for selective hydrogenation of phenylacetylene over Pd-Y/C catalysts. Reaction conditions: 30 kPa H₂, 0.3 kPa C₈H₆, 2.784 kPa C₆H₁₂, balance with Ar, 393 K. Catalytic performance of 0.02%Pd/C SAC and 0.02%Pd-Ln/C (Ln = Y/Lu) DACs in selective hydrogenation of phenylacetylene: Phenylacetylene conversion (B) and styrene selectivity (C) as a function of reaction temperature; (D) Activity of these three samples at 393 K. Reaction condition: 30 kPa H₂, 0.3 kPa C₈H₆, 2.784 kPa C₆H₁₂, balance with Ar, 393-473 K, WHSV = 63.6 h^-1; (E) Durability test on 0.02%Pd-Y/C and (F) Durability test on 0.02%Pd-Lu/C in the selective hydrogenation of phenylacetylene for 20 h at 393 K. Reaction conditions: 30 kPa H₂, 0.3 kPa C₈H₆, 2.784 kPa C₆H₁₂, balance with Ar, WHSV = 25.4 h^-1. SAC: Single-atom catalyst; DACs: diatomic catalysts; WHSV: weight hourly space velocity.