fig5

Figure 5. (A) Design of effective catalytical active sites in carbon-based metal-free electrocatalysts; (B) The adsorption energies of the CO and H intermediates on diverse metals and the predominant products of CO₂RR on them; (C) The impact of surface-bound carbon and oxygen reaction intermediates on the selectivity of CO₂RR products. CO₂RR: CO₂ reduction reaction.