fig1

Figure 1. (A) Schematic illustration for synthesizing CoO_x/CuO NWs; samples after electroreduction during CO₂RR are denoted as CuCo_x catalysts; (B) Representative TEM image of the CuCo_0.4% sample; (C) XRD of Cu and CuCo_x catalysts; (D) Cu 2p XPS spectra of CuCo_0.4% after Co deposition, heat treatment, and electroreduction; (E) Element maps the CuCo_0.4% sample; (F) Cyclic voltammograms recorded in N₂ purged 1.0 M KOH capturing the surface-specific adsorption of oxygen (OH); (G) Bulk and surface atomic ratios of Co:Cu for Cu and CuCo_x catalysts obtained using ICP-OES and XPS, respectively. NWs: Nanowires; CO₂RR: CO₂ reduction reaction; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; XRD: X-ray diffraction patterns; XPS: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; ICP-OES: inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry.