fig3

Figure 3. (A) Schematic illustration of the recycling process of spent LiFePO₄ batteries to prepare Fe-N-P-doped catalysts. Quoted with permission from Luo et al.^[48]; (B) Schematic diagram of the recycling process of spent LiFePO₄ to regenerate defect-rich NiFe catalysts. Quoted with permission from Cui et al.^[49]. LIBs: Lithium-ion batteries; LFP: lithium iron phosphate.