fig4

Figure 4. Single-particle PL spectroscopy measurements. PL lifetime mapping of (A) a single BiVO₄ particle and (B) a single 3Au/BiVO₄ particle; (C) TRPL spectra of entire BiVO₄ and 3Au/BiVO₄ particles; (D) The PL lifetime of different sites on single BiVO₄ and 3Au/BiVO₄ particles; (E and F) The PL emission intensity spectra of different sites on single BiVO₄ and 3Au/BiVO₄ particles. PL: Photoluminescence; BiVO₄: bismuth vanadate; TRPL: time-resolved PL.