fig4

Figure 4. (A) Crystal models of Pt(111), Pt(100), and Pt(110) facets; (B) Differential energy of H adsorption as a function of H coverage for the Pt(111), Pt(110), and Pt(100) facets. Reproduced with permission from^[88]. Copyright 2010, American Chemical Society; (C) Polarization curves for the HER/HOR on Pt(hkl) in 0.1 M KOH. Reproduced with permission from^[89]. Copyright 1996, Royal Society of Chemistry; (D) Wulff polyhedral nanocrystal models with fcc and hcp phases; (E) Free-energy diagram over the transition from a metastable phase to a stable phase. Reproduced with permission from^[31]. Copyright 2019, Elsevier; (F) HOR polarization curves of hcp and fcc- Ru/C. Reproduced with permission from^[108]. Copyright 2021, Elsevier; (G) Cross-section schematic illustration showing the local oxidation-induced amorphization process; HRTEM images and corresponding fast Fourier transform (FFT) patterns (inset) of crystalline Pt₅₃Ru₄₇ NWs/C (H) and amorphous Pt₅₃Ru₄₇ NWs/C (I). Reproduced with permission from^[117]. Copyright 2023, John Wiley and Sons.