fig7

Figure 7. (A) The zwitterionic polyCBMA hydrogel deformed under a tiny pressure and generates ions in a pure water system with no additional mobile ions. Reproduced with permission from^[114]. Copyright 2023, Springer Nature; (B) A plant-inspired zwitterionic hydrogel was prepared through rapid UV initiation in the existence of cellulose nanocrystals as a physical crosslinker and reinforcing agent. Reproduced with permission from^[25]. Copyright 2019, American Chemical Society; (C) High mechanical properties of zwitterionic hydrogel with multi-molecule cooperation. Reproduced with permission from^[115]. Copyright 2022, Elsevier; (D) The strong tough PA hydrogel via the synergy of ionic and metal-ligand bonds. Reproduced with permission from^[117]. Copyright 2021, Wiley-VCH. GmbH. SBMA: Sulfobetaine methacrylate; AA: acrylic acid; CBMA: carboxybetaine methacrylate; PA: polyampholyte.