fig4

Figure 4. Shrinking-core-concept for zinc oxidation. The oxidation front (green arrows) starts at the particle surface, while volume changes due to the higher density of oxidized zinc are indicated by yellow arrows. (A) Sphere-like zinc particles; (B) Torus-like particles; (C) Sphere-like zinc particles in a partly discharged battery; (D) Torus-like particles in a partly discharged battery^[19].