fig16

Figure 16. (A) Schematic representation of the full ZAB when under the constant load discharge condition, illustrating the horizontal image orientation. The diameter of the vial is 12 mm^[59]; (B) Illustrations of three-electrode system in-situ Raman measurements and multi-point Raman mapping apparatus^[60]; (C) Experimental setup of an operando XAS device^[62]. XAS: X-ray absorption spectroscopy; ZAB: zinc-air batterie.