fig14

Metal-nitrogen-carbon catalysts towards acidic ORR in PEMFC: fundamentals, durability challenges, and improvement strategies

Figure 14. (A) Scaling relationships between the ηORR and d-band center of Fe-3d orbits for the FeN4-based structures (pd, pr, and gr refer to pyridinic N, pyrrolic N, and graphitic N). This figure is quoted with permission from Peng et al.[129]. (B) LSV after different cycles Potential cycling during low-potential range (0.6-1.0 V vs. RHE) p-FeNC@CoNC at 25 °C in O2-saturated 0.5 M H2SO4 solution. This figure is quoted with permission from Yang et al.[75]. (C) ΔG1*H and (D) ΔG2*H for Fe/M-N-C (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn). (E) Protonation diagram of Fe/Zn-N-C. These figures are quoted with permission from Li et al.[76].

Chemical Synthesis
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