fig2

Figure 2. Molecular structures of common components used in lipid-based nanomedicines for cancer drug research. Group (A) representative lipid-based nanomaterials for cancer drug research include liposomes, LNPs, and nanomicelles (from left to right); group (B) cholesterol; group (C) phospholipids such as HSPC, DSPC, POPC, DOPC, DOPS, DPPG, DSPG, sphingomyelin, and triolein; group (D) ionizable lipids such as ALC-0315 and SM-102; group (E) PEGylated lipids such as MPEG-2000-DSPE, PEG-DMG, and ALC-0159; group (F) oils such as triglyceride, N-(13-cis-retinoyl)-L-cysteic acid methyl ester sodium salt, and N-(all-trans-retinoyl)-L-cysteic acid methyl ester sodium salt; group (G) emulsifiers such as Tween 80; and group (H) polymers such as NIPAM, polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide), and poly (DL-lactide). (A) is created by www.Biorender.com, and all chemical structures are generated by ChemDraw Software. LNPs: Lipid nanoparticles; HSPC: fully hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine; DSPC: 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine or distearoylphosphatidylcholine; POPC: palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; DOPC: 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; DOPS: 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-l-serine; DPPG: 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol; DSPG: 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1’-rac-glycerol); ALC-0315: (4-hydroxybutyl)azanediyl)bis(hexane-6,1-diyl)bis(2-hexyldecanoate); SM-102: (heptadecan-9-yl8-((2-hydroxyethyl)[6-oxo-6(undecyloxy)hexyl]amino)octanoate); PEG: polyethylene glycol; MPEG-2000-DSPE: N-(carbonyl-methoxypolyethyleneglycol-2000)-1,2-distearoly-sn-glycero-3-hosphoethanolamine; PEG-DMG: 1,2-dimyristoyl-rac-glycero-3-methoxypolyethylene glycol; ALC-0159: 2-[(polyethylene glycol)-2000]-N,N-ditetradecylacetamide; NIPAM: N-isopropyl acrylamide.