fig2

Figure 2. Targeting ferroptosis-related signaling pathways to overcome cancer drug resistance. Promoting pro-ferroptosis signaling pathways or inhibiting anti-ferroptosis signaling pathways by targeting key factors such as GPX4, NRF2, SLC7A11, and ACSL4 predisposes cancer cells to ferroptosis and reduces drug resistance. SLC3A2: Solute carrier family 3 member 2; SLC7A11: solute carrier family 7 member 11; GSH: glutathione; GSSG: oxidized glutathione; GPX4: glutathione peroxidase 4; CoQ: coenzyme Q; CoQH₂: reduced coenzyme Q; FSP1: ferroptosis suppressor protein 1; VK: vitamin K; VKH₂: reduced vitamin K; VKORC1L1: vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1-like 1; NRF2: nuclear factor E2-related factor 2; KEAP1: Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1; LIP: labile iron pool; PLOOH: phospholipid hydroperoxides; PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acid; CoA: coenzyme A; ACSL4: acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4; PL: phospholipid; LPCAT3: lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 3, incorporating fatty acids especially PUFAs into PLs; SFA: saturated fatty acid; MUFA: monounsaturated fatty acid; SCD1: stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1; ACSL3: acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 3, activating MUFAs; IFN: interferon; PARP: poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase; DHA: dihydroartemisinin; AR: androgen receptor; GSTM3: glutathione S-transferase mu 3; TRIB3: tribbles pseudokinase 3; ATF3: activating transcription factor 3; CPT1A: carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1A; HMOX1: heme oxygenase 1; CDK1: cyclin dependent kinase 1; CARM1: coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1; NQO1: NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1; GLRX5: glutaredoxin 5; AEBP1: adipocyte enhancer binding protein 1.