fig3

Figure 3. Therapeutic cargo loading methods in engineered EVs. Endogenous loading involves transfecting donor cells to express specific molecules or incubating them with drugs, enabling the cells to absorb the drugs and release drug-loaded extracellular vesicles. Exogenous loading involves isolating extracellular vesicles from cells and then using physical or chemical methods to load drugs into the vesicles. EVs: Extracellular vesicles.