fig1

Mechanisms of tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance in renal cell carcinoma

Figure 1. Common receptor tyrosine kinases and their downstream signaling targets. ABC: ATP-binding cassette; ERK: extracellular signal-related kinases; FGF: fibroblast growth factors; FGFR: FGF receptor; HGF: hepatocyte growth factor; mTOR: mammalian target of rapamycin; PDGFR: platelet-derived growth factor receptor; PI3K: phosphoinositide-3-kinase; TKIs: tyrosine kinase inhibitors; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; VEGFR: vascular endothelial growth factor receptor.

Cancer Drug Resistance
ISSN 2578-532X (Online)

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