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Figure 3. Potential new approaches to improve glioblastoma treatment. (A) The focused ultrasound in combination with micro-bubbles and photodynamic therapy (PDT) can temporarily open BBB to allow therapeutics crossing. PDT can also activate local immunity in TME; (B) New approaches to modulate glioblastoma TME by targeting hypoxia, activating suppressed local immunity, or enhancing cancer neoantigen formation in tumor cells; (C) Novel nanodrug delivery technologies in combination with CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing and immune checkpoint inhibitors; (D) Various forms of adoptive cell therapies; (E) Better strategies for tumor stratification, prognostic prediction and personalized medicine would enhance the clinical outcome of glioblastoma treatment. (Created with BioRender.com). BBB: Blood-brain barrier; DC: dendritic cell; TAMs: tumor-associated macrophages; TME: tumor microenvironment.