fig1

Figure 1. Tumour intrinsic and extrinsic resistance pathways to ICIs. Created with BioRender.com. AKT: Protein kinase B; CTLA-4: cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4; IFN-γ: interferon-γ; JAK: janus kinase; LAG-3: lymphocyte-activation gene 3; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; MDSC: myeloid-derived suppressor cell; MHC-I: major histocompatibility complex-I; mTOR: mammalian target of rapamycin; PD-1: programmed cell death protein-1; PD-L1: programmed cell death ligand-1; PI3K: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; STAT: signal transducers and activators of transcription; TAM: tumour-associated macrophage; TGF-β: transforming growth factor-β; TIM-3: T-cell immunoglobulin, mucin domain-3 protein; T-reg: regulatory T cell; VISTA: V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T-cell activation.