fig1

Figure 1. Mechanism of action of immune checkpoint inhibitors. The monoclonal antibodies against PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 abolish the T-cell inhibitory responses that are stimulated by the interaction of PD-1 with PD-L1 and CTLA-4 with its ligand CD 80/86 and thereby enhance antitumor immunity. Ab: Antibody; CD 80/86: cluster of differentiation 80/86; CEACAM: carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule; CTLA-4: cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4; IFN-γ: interferon-γ; LAG3: lymphocyte-activation gene 3; MHC: major histocompatibility complex; PD-1: programmed death-1; PD-L1: programmed death ligand-1; RCC: renal cell carcinoma; TCR: T cell receptor; TIGIT: T cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain; TIM3: T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3. (Figure credits: Roy AM).