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Figure 2. Secondary resistance to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) inhibition through bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. OXPHOS inhibition stimulates cell adhesion and actin dynamics in AML cells. The bone marrow (BM) microenvironment facilitates the development of secondary resistance to OXPHOS inhibition by supporting direct mitochondrial trafficking via tunneling nanotubes from BM stromal cells to AML cells. This trafficking is accompanied by mitophagy and mitochondrial fission. MSC: Mesenchymal stem cell.