REFERENCES
1. Einhorn LH. Treatment of testicular cancer: a new and improved model. J Clin Oncol 1990;8:1777-81.
2. Singh R, Fazal Z, Freemantle SJ, Spinella MJ. Mechanisms of sensitivity and resistance in testicular germ cell tumors. Cancer Drug Resist 2019;2:580-94.
3. Galluzzi L, Vitale I, Michels J, Brenner C, Szabadkai G, et al. Systems biology of cisplatin resistance: past, present and future. Cell Death Dis 2014;5:e1257.
4. Cavallo F, Graziani G, Antinozzi C, Feldman DR, Houldsworth J, et al. Reduced proficiency in homologous recombination underlies the high sensitivity of embryonal carcinoma testicular germ cell tumors to Cisplatin and poly (adp-ribose) polymerase inhibition. PLoS One 2012;7:e51563.
5. Vaisman A, Varchenko M, Umar A, Kunkel TA, Risinger JI, et al. The role of hMLH1, hMSH3, and hMSH6 defects in cisplatin and oxaliplatin resistance: correlation with replicative bypass of platinum-DNA adducts. Cancer Res 1998;58:3579-85.
6. Aebi S, Kurdi-Haidar B, Gordon R, Cenni B, Zheng H, et al. Loss of DNA mismatch repair in acquired resistance to cisplatin. Cancer Res 1996;56:3087-90.
7. Drummond JT, Anthoney A, Brown R, Modrich P. Cisplatin and adriamycin resistance are associated with MutLalpha and mismatch repair deficiency in an ovarian tumor cell line. J Biol Chem 1996;271:19645-48.
8. Fink D, Aebi S, Howell SB. The role of DNA mismatch repair in drug resistance. Clin Cancer Res 1998;4:1-6.
9. Brown R, Hirst GL, Gallagher WM, McIlwrath AJ, Margison GP, et al. hMLH1 expression and cellular responses of ovarian tumour cells to treatment with cytotoxic anticancer agents. Oncogene 1997;15:45-52.
10. Le DT, Durham JN, Smith KN, Wang H, Bartlett BR, et al. Mismatch-repair deficiency predicts response of solid tumors to PD-1 blockade. Science 2017;357:409-13.
11. Rodrigues DN, Rescigno P, Liu D, Yuan W, Carreira S, et al. Immunogenomic analyses associate immunological alterations with mismatch repair defects in prostate cancer. J Clin Invest 2018;128:5185.
12. Adra N, Einhorn LH, Althouse SK, Ammakkanavar NR, Musapatika D, et al. Phase II trial of pembrolizumab in patients with platinum refractory germ-cell tumors: a Hoosier Cancer Research Network Study GU14-206. Ann Oncol 2018;29:209-14.
13. Honecker F, Wermann H, Mayer F, Gillis AJ, Stoop H, et al. Microsatellite instability, mismatch repair deficiency, and BRAF mutation in treatment-resistant germ cell tumors. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:2129-36.
14. Bagrodia A, Lee BH, Lee W, Cha EK, Sfakianos JP, et al. Genetic determinants of cisplatin resistance in patients with advanced germ cell tumors. J Clin Oncol 2016;34:4000-7.
15. Eid H, Institoris E, Géczi L, Bodrogi I, Bak M. Mdm-2 expression in human testicular germ-cell tumors and its clinical value. Anticancer Res 1999;19:3485-90.
16. Wang S, Zhao Y, Aguilar A, Bernard D, Yang CY. Targeting the MDM2-p53 protein-protein interaction for new cancer therapy: progress and challenges. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2017;7:a026245.
17. LoRusso PM. Inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in solid tumors. J Clin Oncol 2016;34:3803-15.
18. Avan A, Narayan R, Giovannetti E, Peters GJ. Role of Akt signaling in resistance to DNA-targeted therapy. World J Clin Oncol 2016;7:352-69.
19. Albany C, Hever-Jardine MP, von Herrmann KM, Yim CY, Tam J, et al. Refractory testicular germ cell tumors are highly sensitive to the second generation DNA methylation inhibitor guadecitabine. Oncotarget 2017;8:2949-59.
20. Jostes S, Nettersheim D, Fellermeyer M, Schneider S, Hafezi F, et al. The bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 triggers growth arrest and apoptosis in testicular germ cell tumours in vitro and in vivo. J Cell Mol Med 2017;21:1300-14.
21. Steinemann G, Dittmer A, Schmidt J, Josuttis D, Fähling M, et al. Antitumor and antiangiogenic activity of the novel chimeric inhibitor animacroxam in testicular germ cell cancer. Mol Oncol 2019;13:2679-96.
