fig1

Figure 1. The metabolic strategies used in mitochondria of drug-sensitive and drug-resistant cancer cells. The grey rectangle represents the inner mitochondrial membrane containing the ETC (complexes I, II, III & IV), F₁F_O-ATPase and the UCP2 transporter. ATP is produced by F1FO-ATPase using the PMF (H⁺ gradient) and the UCP2 transporter dissipates some of the gradient to regulate ETC activity and production of the superoxide radical (O₂^.-).