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Figure 1. Amyloid fibril pathology in neurodegenerative disease. (A) Illustration of amyloid fibril deposition in different neurodegenerative diseases. TDP-43 inclusions in the motor cortex and the spinal cord in ALS patients, Aβ plaques in the neocortex of AD, tau inclusions as neurofibrillary tangles in neocortical neurons of AD, and α-syn inclusions (Lewy bodies) in neocortical neurons of PD. (B) Overview of the documented pathological effects linked to amyloid fibrils in brain cells. These effects include neuroinflammation, cellular truncation and fragmentation of amyloid fibrils, cell deformation, seeded growth and cell-to-cell transmission of amyloid fibrils, sequestration of cellular organelles, and disruption of protein homeostasis. AD: Alzheimer’s disease; ALS: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; PD: Parkinson’s disease.