fig2

Figure 2. Overview of the design of the present study. (A) We conducted the forward and reverse MR study to explore the bi-directional relationship between dietary macronutrient intake (%) and NDDs. (B) Predefined decision tree for the selection of methods. (C) Sketch of the study design. Assumption 1: the genetic variants are supposed to be strongly associated with the risk of interest; Assumption 2: the genetic variants should not be associated with any confounding factors; and Assumption 3: the genetic variants should affect the risk of the outcome only mediated by the exposures. ALS: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; IVW: inverse-variance weighted; WM: weighted median; MR-PRESSO: Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier.