fig5

Figure 5. Immunofluorescence co-localization of retinal amyloid-beta oligomers and hyperphosphorylated tau in dogs of 11-16-year-old group. Retinal co-staining with anti-Aβ₄₀ (PRIOAD 12) and anti-Aβ₄₂ (PRIOAD 13) camelid-derived single domain antibody (green) and AT8 antibody (red) of a 12-year-old German shepherd dog. A large number of (A) Aβ₄₀ and (B) Aβ₄₂ oligomers were found in the GCL, INL, and ONL (white arrows, 40×). AT8 positive diffuse p-Tau-like deposits were observed in the (C and D) GCL, IPL, INL, and OPL of the retina (white arrows, 40×). Widespread co-localization was observed in the (E and F) retinal layers (white arrows, 40×). Co-localization of AT8 positive p-Tau with (G) Aβ₄₀ and (H) Aβ₄₂ depositions (white arrowhead) showed with higher magnification (100×) in the GCL and OPL of the same 12-year-old German shepherd dog retinal section. The photomicrograph was derived from the peripheral region of the retina - away from the optic disc. Representative of 10 dogs examined from elder age group (≥ 11 years). GCL: Ganglion cell layer; IPL: inner plexiform layer; INL: inner nuclear layer; OPL: outer plexiform layer; ONL: outer nuclear layer.