fig4

Figure 4. Summary of the different pathways involved in the anti-HCC activity kaempferol (created with BioRender.com). ↑: increase; ↓: decrease. HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; GRP78: glucose-regulated protein 78; GRP94: glucose-regulated protein 94; CHOP: C/EBP homologous protein; LC3: light chain 3; MMP: matrix metalloproteinase; PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase; mTOR: mammalian target of rapamycin; S6K: S6 kinase; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; HIF-1: hypoxia-inducible factor 1; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; ER: endoplasmic reticulum.