fig1

Figure 1. Biological principles of tumor immune microenvironment and immunotherapy in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. NKs: Natural killers; MDSCs: myeloid-derived suppressor cells; TAMs: tumor-associated macrophages; TANs: tumor-associated neutrophils; Treg: regulatory T cell; PD-1: programmed cell death protein 1; PD-L1: programmed death-ligand 1; CTLA-4: cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4; DCs: dendritic cells; ACT: adoptive cell therapy; CAFs: cancer-associated fibroblasts; TGF-β: transforming growth factor β.