fig1

Figure 1. Four types of transarterial intervention therapy. A: TAE selectively obstructs the arterial vessels supplying the tumor using embolic agents, leading to ischemia and necrosis of the tumor tissue; B: TACE combines chemotherapeutic agents with embolic materials to selectively obstruct the blood supply to the tumor while delivering concentrated drugs directly to hepatocellular carcinoma cells; C: TARE involves the delivery of radioactive isotopes, such as Yttrium-90, to the liver via the hepatic artery, enabling selective destruction of tumor cells through beta radiation; D: HAIC involves the percutaneous infusion of chemotherapeutic agents directly into the hepatic artery, concentrating the treatment on the tumor while minimizing systemic toxicity. TAE: Transarterial embolization; TACE: transarterial chemoembolization; TARE: transarterial radioembolization; HAIC: hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy.