REFERENCES
1. Brown ZJ, Patwardhan S, Bean J, Pawlik TM. Molecular diagnostics and biomarkers in cholangiocarcinoma. Surg Oncol 2022;44:101851.
2. Adachi T, Eguchi S. Lymph node dissection for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a critical review of the literature to date. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci 2014;21:162-8.
3. Aljiffry M, Abdulelah A, Walsh M, et al. Evidence-based approach to cholangiocarcinoma: a systematic review of the current literature. J Am Coll Surg 2009;208:134-47.
4. Khan SA, Toledano MB, Taylor-Robinson SD. Epidemiology, risk factors, and pathogenesis of cholangiocarcinoma. HPB 2008;10:77-82.
5. Zhang XF, Xue F, Weiss M, et al. Lymph node examination and patterns of nodal metastasis among patients with left- versus right-sided intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma after major curative-intent resection. Ann Surg Oncol 2023;30:1424-33.
6. Mavros MN, Economopoulos KP, Alexiou VG, Pawlik TM. Treatment and prognosis for patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Surg 2014;149:565-74.
7. Spolverato G, Kim Y, Alexandrescu S, et al. Management and outcomes of patients with recurrent intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma following previous curative-intent surgical resection. Ann Surg Oncol 2016;23:235-43.
8. Oh D, Ruth He A, Qin S, et al. Durvalumab plus gemcitabine and cisplatin in advanced biliary tract cancer. NEJM Evidence 2022:1.
9. Ricci AD, Rizzo A, Brandi G. Immunotherapy in biliary tract cancer: worthy of a second look. Cancer Control 2020;27:1073274820948047.
10. Hyder O, Hatzaras I, Sotiropoulos GC, et al. Recurrence after operative management of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Surgery 2013;153:811-8.
11. Amini N, Ejaz A, Spolverato G, et al. Management of lymph nodes during resection of hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a systematic review. J Gastrointest Surg 2014;18:2136-48.
12. de Jong MC, Nathan H, Sotiropoulos GC, et al. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: an international multi-institutional analysis of prognostic factors and lymph node assessment. J Clin Oncol 2011;29:3140-5.
13. Zhang XF, Chakedis J, Bagante F, et al. Trends in use of lymphadenectomy in surgery with curative intent for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Br J Surg 2018;105:857-66.
14. Zhang XF, Xue F, Dong DH, et al. Number and station of lymph node metastasis after curative-intent resection of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma impact prognosis. Ann Surg 2021;274:e1187-95.
15. Amin MB, Greene FL, Edge SB, et al. The eighth edition AJCC cancer staging manual: continuing to build a bridge from a population-based to a more “personalized” approach to cancer staging. CA Cancer J Clin 2017;67:93-9.
16. Bagante F, Spolverato G, Weiss M, et al. Assessment of the lymph node status in patients undergoing liver resection for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: the new eighth edition AJCC staging system. J Gastrointest Surg 2018;22:52-9.
17. van den Bent L, Frenkel NC, Poghosyan S, et al. Liver lymphatic drainage patterns follow segmental anatomy. Br J Surg 2022;109:559-60.
18. Jeong J, Tanaka M, Iwakiri Y. Hepatic lymphatic vascular system in health and disease. J Hepatol 2022;77:206-18.
19. Sasako M, McCulloch P, Kinoshita T, Maruyama K. New method to evaluate the therapeutic value of lymph node dissection for gastric cancer. Br J Surg 1995;82:346-51.
20. Sahara K, Tsilimigras DI, Merath K, et al. Therapeutic index associated with lymphadenectomy among patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: which patients benefit the most from nodal evaluation? Ann Surg Oncol 2019;26:2959-68.
21. Farges O, Fuks D, Boleslawski E, et al. Influence of surgical margins on outcome in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a multicenter study by the AFC-IHCC-2009 study group. Ann Surg 2011;254:824-29; discussion 830.
22. Valle J, Wasan H, Palmer DH, et al; ABC-02 trial investigators. Cisplatin plus gemcitabine versus gemcitabine for biliary tract cancer. N Engl J Med 2010;362:1273-81.
23. Twelves C, Wong A, Nowacki MP, et al. Capecitabine as adjuvant treatment for stage III colon cancer. N Engl J Med 2005;352:2696-704.
24. Neoptolemos JP, Palmer DH, Ghaneh P, et al. European Study Group for Pancreatic Cancer. Comparison of adjuvant gemcitabine and capecitabine with gemcitabine monotherapy in patients with resected pancreatic cancer (ESPAC-4): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet 2017;389:1011-24.
25. Primrose JN, Fox RP, Palmer DH, et al. BILCAP study group. Capecitabine compared with observation in resected biliary tract cancer (BILCAP): a randomised, controlled, multicentre, phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol 2019;20:663-73.
26. Cloyd JM, Ejaz A, Pawlik TM. The landmark series: intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2020;27:2859-65.
27. Nakachi K, Ikeda M, Konishi M, et al. Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology Group of the Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG-HBPOG). Adjuvant S-1 compared with observation in resected biliary tract cancer (JCOG1202, ASCOT): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet 2023;401:195-203.
28. Bressler L, Bath N, Manne A, Miller E, Cloyd JM. Management of locally advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a narrative review. Chin Clin Oncol 2023;12:15.
29. Ziogas IA, Giannis D, Economopoulos KP, et al. Liver Transplantation for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a meta-analysis and meta-regression of survival rates. Transplantation 2021;105:2263-71.
30. Sapisochin G, Facciuto M, Rubbia-Brandt L, et al. iCCA International Consortium. Liver transplantation for “very early” intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: international retrospective study supporting a prospective assessment. Hepatology 2016;64:1178-88.
31. Lunsford KE, Javle M, Heyne K, et al. Methodist–MD Anderson Joint Cholangiocarcinoma Collaborative Committee (MMAJCCC). Liver transplantation for locally advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma treated with neoadjuvant therapy: a prospective case-series. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018;3:337-48.
32. Mauro E, Ferrer-Fàbrega J, Sauri T, et al. New challenges in the management of cholangiocarcinoma: the role of liver transplantation, locoregional therapies, and systemic therapy. Cancers 2023;15:1244.
33. Ruff SM, Shannon AH, Pawlik TM. Advances in targeted immunotherapy for hepatobiliary cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2022;23:13961.
34. Ruff SM, Shannon AH, Beane JD, Pawlik TM. Highlighting novel targets in immunotherapy for liver cancer. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022;16:1029-41.
35. Cadamuro M, Brivio S, Mertens J, et al. Platelet-derived growth factor-D enables liver myofibroblasts to promote tumor lymphangiogenesis in cholangiocarcinoma. J Hepatol 2019;70:700-9.
37. Compton CC, Byrd DR, Garcia-Aguilar J. Intrahepatic bile ducts. In: AJCC Cancer Staging Atlas. Springer; 2012.
